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Teaching parents to switch channels from violent shows to educational
TV can improve preschoolers' behavior, even without getting them to
watch less, a study found.
The results were modest and faded over
time, but may hold promise for finding ways to help young children avoid
aggressive, violent behavior, the study authors and other doctors said.
"It's
not just about turning off the television. It's about changing the
channel. What children watch is as important as how much they watch,"
said lead author Dr. Dimitri Christakis, a pediatrician and researcher
at Seattle Children's Research Institute.
The research was to be published online Monday by the journal Pediatrics.
The
study involved 565 Seattle parents, who periodically filled out
TV-watching diaries and questionnaires measuring their child's behavior.
Half
were coached for six months on getting their 3-to-5-year-old kids to
watch shows like "Sesame Street" and "Dora the Explorer" rather than
more violent programs like "Power Rangers." The results were compared
with kids whose parents who got advice on healthy eating instead.
At
six months, children in both groups showed improved behavior, but there
was a little bit more improvement in the group that was coached on
their TV watching.
By one year, there was no meaningful difference
between the two groups overall. Low-income boys appeared to get the
most short-term benefit.
"That's important because they are at the
greatest risk, both for being perpetrators of aggression in real life,
but also being victims of aggression," Christakis said.
The study
has some flaws. The parents weren't told the purpose of the study, but
the authors concede they probably figured it out and that might have
affected the results.
Before the study, the children averaged
about 1½ hours of TV, video and computer game watching a day, with
violent content making up about a quarter of that time. By the end of
the study, that increased by up to 10 minutes. Those in the TV coaching
group increased their time with positive shows; the healthy eating group
watched more violent TV.
Nancy Jensen, who took part with her now 6-year-old daughter, said the study was a wake-up call.
"I didn't realize how much Elizabeth was watching and how much she was watching on her own," she said.
Jensen
said her daughter's behavior improved after making changes, and she
continues to control what Elizabeth and her 2-year-old brother, Joe,
watch. She also decided to replace most of Elizabeth's TV time with
games, art and outdoor fun.
During a recent visit to their Seattle
home, the children seemed more interested in playing with blocks and
running around outside than watching TV.
Another researcher who
was not involved in this study but also focuses his work on kids and
television commended Christakis for taking a look at the influence of
positive TV programs, instead of focusing on the impact of violent TV.
"I
think it's fabulous that people are looking on the positive side.
Because no one's going to stop watching TV, we have to have viable
alternatives for kids," said Dr. Michael Rich, director of the Center on
Media and Child Health at Children's Hospital Boston.
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